Struct reqwest::Url

pub struct Url { /* fields omitted */ }

A parsed URL record.

Implementations

impl Url

pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError>

Parse an absolute URL from a string.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;

Errors

If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string, a ParseError variant will be returned.

pub fn parse_with_params<I, K, V>(
    input: &str,
    iter: I
) -> Result<Url, ParseError> where
    I: IntoIterator,
    K: AsRef<str>,
    V: AsRef<str>,
    <I as IntoIterator>::Item: Borrow<(K, V)>, 

Parse an absolute URL from a string and add params to its query string.

Existing params are not removed.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse_with_params("https://example.net?dont=clobberme",
                                 &[("lang", "rust"), ("browser", "servo")])?;
assert_eq!("https://example.net/?dont=clobberme&lang=rust&browser=servo", url.as_str());

Errors

If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string, a ParseError variant will be returned.

pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError>

Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL.

The inverse of this is make_relative.

Note: a trailing slash is significant. Without it, the last path component is considered to be a “file” name to be removed to get at the “directory” that is used as the base:

Examples

use url::Url;

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?;
let url = base.join("c.png")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/c.png");  // Not /a/b.html/c.png

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = base.join("c.png")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/a/b/c.png");

Errors

If the function can not parse an URL from the given string with this URL as the base URL, a ParseError variant will be returned.

pub fn make_relative(&self, url: &Url) -> Option<String>

Creates a relative URL if possible, with this URL as the base URL.

This is the inverse of join.

Examples

use url::Url;

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b/")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/d/c.png")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("../d/c.png"));

let base = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?c=d")?;
let url = Url::parse("https://example.net/a/b.html?e=f")?;
let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("?e=f"));

Errors

If this URL can’t be a base for the given URL, None is returned. This is for example the case if the scheme, host or port are not the same.

pub fn options<'a>() -> ParseOptions<'a>

Return a default ParseOptions that can fully configure the URL parser.

Examples

Get default ParseOptions, then change base url

use url::Url;
let options = Url::options();
let api = Url::parse("https://api.example.com")?;
let base_url = options.base_url(Some(&api));
let version_url = base_url.parse("version.json")?;
assert_eq!(version_url.as_str(), "https://api.example.com/version.json");

pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str

Return the serialization of this URL.

This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the Url struct.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url_str = "https://example.net/";
let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), url_str);

pub fn into_string(self) -> String

👎 Deprecated since 2.3.0:

use Into<String>

Return the serialization of this URL.

This consumes the Url and takes ownership of the String stored in it.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url_str = "https://example.net/";
let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
assert_eq!(String::from(url), url_str);

pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin

Return the origin of this URL (https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin)

Note: this returns an opaque origin for file: URLs, which causes url.origin() != url.origin().

Examples

URL with ftp scheme:

use url::{Host, Origin, Url};

let url = Url::parse("ftp://example.com/foo")?;
assert_eq!(url.origin(),
           Origin::Tuple("ftp".into(),
                         Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
                         21));

URL with blob scheme:

use url::{Host, Origin, Url};

let url = Url::parse("blob:https://example.com/foo")?;
assert_eq!(url.origin(),
           Origin::Tuple("https".into(),
                         Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
                         443));

URL with file scheme:

use url::{Host, Origin, Url};

let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());

let other_url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
assert!(url.origin() != other_url.origin());

URL with other scheme:

use url::{Host, Origin, Url};

let url = Url::parse("foo:bar")?;
assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());

pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str

Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ‘:’ delimiter.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("file:///tmp/foo")?;
assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "file");

pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool

Return whether the URL has an ‘authority’, which can contain a username, password, host, and port number.

URLs that do not are either path-only like unix:/run/foo.socket or cannot-be-a-base like data:text/plain,Stuff.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert!(url.has_authority());

let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
assert!(!url.has_authority());

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
assert!(!url.has_authority());

pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool

Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL, meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error.

This is the case if the scheme and : delimiter are not followed by a / slash, as is typically the case of data: and mailto: URLs.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());

let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
assert!(url.cannot_be_a_base());

pub fn username(&self) -> &str

Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string) as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.username(), "rms");

let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.username(), "");

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.username(), "");

pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms:secret123@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));

let url = Url::parse("ftp://:secret123@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.password(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.password(), None);

pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool

Equivalent to url.host().is_some().

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert!(url.has_host());

let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
assert!(!url.has_host());

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
assert!(!url.has_host());

pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any.

Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs. IPv6 addresses are given between [ and ] brackets.

Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of data: and mailto:) and some file: URLs don’t have a host.

See also the host method.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?;
assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("example.com"));

let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);

pub fn host(&self) -> Option<Host<&str>>

Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL. Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.

Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of data: and mailto:) and some file: URLs don’t have a host.

See also the host_str method.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/index.html")?;
assert!(url.host().is_some());

let url = Url::parse("ftp://rms@example.com")?;
assert!(url.host().is_some());

let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
assert!(url.host().is_none());

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
assert!(url.host().is_none());

pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str>

If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it. Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://127.0.0.1/")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);

let url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/")?;
assert_eq!(url.domain(), Some("example.com"));

pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16>

Return the port number for this URL, if any.

Note that default port numbers are never reflected by the serialization, use the port_or_known_default() method if you want a default port number returned.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com:443/")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), None);

let url = Url::parse("ssh://example.com:22")?;
assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(22));

pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option<u16>

Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known.

This method only knows the default port number of the http, https, ws, wss and ftp schemes.

For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns Some(_). For other schemes, it is the same as Url::port().

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), None);

let url = Url::parse("foo://example.com:1456")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(1456));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443));

pub fn socket_addrs(
    &self,
    default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>
) -> Result<Vec<SocketAddr, Global>, Error>

Resolve a URL’s host and port number to SocketAddr.

If the URL has the default port number of a scheme that is unknown to this library, default_port_number provides an opportunity to provide the actual port number. In non-example code this should be implemented either simply as || None, or by matching on the URL’s .scheme().

If the host is a domain, it is resolved using the standard library’s DNS support.

Examples

let url = url::Url::parse("https://example.net/").unwrap();
let addrs = url.socket_addrs(|| None).unwrap();
std::net::TcpStream::connect(&*addrs)

/// With application-specific known default port numbers
fn socket_addrs(url: url::Url) -> std::io::Result<Vec<std::net::SocketAddr>> {
    url.socket_addrs(|| match url.scheme() {
        "socks5" | "socks5h" => Some(1080),
        _ => None,
    })
}

pub fn path(&self) -> &str

Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string. For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with ‘/’. For other URLs, this starts with a ‘/’ slash and continues with slash-separated path segments.

Examples

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api/versions?page=2")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/versions");

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/");

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/countries/vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam");

pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option<Split<'_, char>>

Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base, return an iterator of ‘/’ slash-separated path segments, each as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Return None for cannot-be-a-base URLs.

When Some is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string (which may be empty).

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/foo/bar")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("foo"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("bar"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some(""));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);

let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,HelloWorld")?;
assert!(url.path_segments().is_none());

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/countries/việt nam")?;
let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("countries"));
assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam"));

pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.

Examples

use url::Url;

fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2")?;
let query = url.query();
assert_eq!(query, Some("page=2"));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?;
let query = url.query();
assert!(query.is_none());

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/?country=español")?;
let query = url.query();
assert_eq!(query, Some("country=espa%C3%B1ol"));

pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> Parse<'_>

Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as application/x-www-form-urlencoded and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs.

Examples

use std::borrow::Cow;

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products?page=2&sort=desc")?;
let mut pairs = url.query_pairs();

assert_eq!(pairs.count(), 2);

assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("page"), Cow::Borrowed("2"))));
assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("sort"), Cow::Borrowed("desc"))));

pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str>

Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any.

A fragment is the part of the URL after the # symbol. The fragment is optional and, if present, contains a fragment identifier that identifies a secondary resource, such as a section heading of a document.

In HTML, the fragment identifier is usually the id attribute of a an element that is scrolled to on load. Browsers typically will not send the fragment portion of a URL to the server.

Note: the parser did not percent-encode this component, but the input may have been percent-encoded already.

Examples

use url::Url;

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#row=4")?;

assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("row=4"));

let url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2")?;

assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));

pub fn set_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<&str>)

Change this URL’s fragment identifier.

Examples

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/data.csv")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv");
url.set_fragment(Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv#cell=4,1-6,2");
assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));

url.set_fragment(None);
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data.csv");
assert!(url.fragment().is_none());

pub fn set_query(&mut self, query: Option<&str>)

Change this URL’s query string.

Examples

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/products")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products");

url.set_query(Some("page=2"));
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/products?page=2");
assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("page=2"));

pub fn query_pairs_mut(&mut self) -> Serializer<'_, UrlQuery<'_>>

Manipulate this URL’s query string, viewed as a sequence of name/value pairs in application/x-www-form-urlencoded syntax.

The return value has a method-chaining API:

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net?lang=fr#nav")?;
assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr"));

url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair("foo", "bar");
assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr&foo=bar"));
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/?lang=fr&foo=bar#nav");

url.query_pairs_mut()
    .clear()
    .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz")
    .append_pair("saisons", "\u{00C9}t\u{00E9}+hiver");
assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver"));
assert_eq!(url.as_str(),
           "https://example.net/?foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver#nav");

Note: url.query_pairs_mut().clear(); is equivalent to url.set_query(Some("")), not url.set_query(None).

The state of Url is unspecified if this return value is leaked without being dropped.

pub fn set_path(&mut self, path: &str)

Change this URL’s path.

Examples

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com")?;
url.set_path("api/comments");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/api/comments");
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/comments");

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.com/api")?;
url.set_path("data/report.csv");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.com/data/report.csv");
assert_eq!(url.path(), "/data/report.csv");

pub fn path_segments_mut(&mut self) -> Result<PathSegmentsMut<'_>, ()>

Return an object with methods to manipulate this URL’s path segments.

Return Err(()) if this URL is cannot-be-a-base.

pub fn set_port(&mut self, port: Option<u16>) -> Result<(), ()>

Change this URL’s port number.

Note that default port numbers are not reflected in the serialization.

If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, does not have a host, or has the file scheme; do nothing and return Err.

Examples

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("ssh://example.net:2048/")?;

url.set_port(Some(4096)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net:4096/");

url.set_port(None).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ssh://example.net/");

Known default port numbers are not reflected:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.org/")?;

url.set_port(Some(443)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
assert!(url.port().is_none());

Cannot set port for cannot-be-a-base URLs:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;

let result = url.set_port(Some(80));
assert!(result.is_err());

let result = url.set_port(None);
assert!(result.is_err());

pub fn set_host(&mut self, host: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseError>

Change this URL’s host.

Removing the host (calling this with None) will also remove any username, password, and port number.

Examples

Change host:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
assert!(result.is_ok());
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://rust-lang.org/");

Remove host:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_host(None);
assert!(result.is_ok());
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo:/");

Cannot remove host for ‘special’ schemes (e.g. http):

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_host(None);
assert!(result.is_err());
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/");

Cannot change or remove host for cannot-be-a-base URLs:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;

let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
assert!(result.is_err());
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");

let result = url.set_host(None);
assert!(result.is_err());
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");

Errors

If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or there is an error parsing the given host, a ParseError variant will be returned.

pub fn set_ip_host(&mut self, address: IpAddr) -> Result<(), ()>

Change this URL’s host to the given IP address.

If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, do nothing and return Err.

Compared to Url::set_host, this skips the host parser.

Examples

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.com")?;
url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());
assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://127.0.0.1/");

Cannot change URL’s from mailto(cannot-be-base) to ip:

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.com")?;
let result = url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());

assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.com");
assert!(result.is_err());

pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ()>

Change this URL’s password.

If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return Err.

Examples

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
assert!(result.is_err());

let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user1:secret1@example.com")?;
let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret_password"));

let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://user2:@example.com")?;
let result = url.set_password(Some("secret2"));
assert!(result.is_ok());
assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret2"));

pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: &str) -> Result<(), ()>

Change this URL’s username.

If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return Err.

Examples

Cannot setup username from mailto(cannot-be-base)

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
let result = url.set_username("user1");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rmz@example.com");
assert!(result.is_err());

Setup username to user1

use url::{Url, ParseError};

let mut url = Url::parse("ftp://:secre1@example.com/")?;
let result = url.set_username("user1");
assert!(result.is_ok());
assert_eq!(url.username(), "user1");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "ftp://user1:secre1@example.com/");

pub fn set_scheme(&mut self, scheme: &str) -> Result<(), ()>

Change this URL’s scheme.

Do nothing and return Err under the following circumstances:

• If the new scheme is not in [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+
• If this URL is cannot-be-a-base and the new scheme is one of http, https, ws, wss or ftp
• If either the old or new scheme is http, https, ws, wss or ftp and the other is not one of these
• If the new scheme is file and this URL includes credentials or has a non-null port
• If this URL’s scheme is file and its host is empty or null

See also the URL specification’s section on legal scheme state overrides.

Examples

Change the URL’s scheme from https to foo:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("http");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://example.net/");
assert!(result.is_ok());

Change the URL’s scheme from foo to bar:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("bar");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "bar://example.net");
assert!(result.is_ok());

Cannot change URL’s scheme from https to foõ:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("https://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("foõ");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://example.net/");
assert!(result.is_err());

Cannot change URL’s scheme from mailto (cannot-be-a-base) to https:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("https");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
assert!(result.is_err());

Cannot change the URL’s scheme from foo to https:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("foo://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("https");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo://example.net");
assert!(result.is_err());

Cannot change the URL’s scheme from http to foo:

use url::Url;

let mut url = Url::parse("http://example.net")?;
let result = url.set_scheme("foo");
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "http://example.net/");
assert!(result.is_err());

pub fn from_file_path<P>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> where
    P: AsRef<Path>, 

Convert a file name as std::path::Path into an URL in the file scheme.

This returns Err if the given path is not absolute or, on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. C:) or a UNC prefix (\\).

Examples

On Unix-like platforms:

use url::Url;

let url = Url::from_file_path("/tmp/foo.txt")?;
assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "file:///tmp/foo.txt");

let url = Url::from_file_path("../foo.txt");
assert!(url.is_err());

let url = Url::from_file_path("https://google.com/");
assert!(url.is_err());

pub fn from_directory_path<P>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> where
    P: AsRef<Path>, 

Convert a directory name as std::path::Path into an URL in the file scheme.

This returns Err if the given path is not absolute or, on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. C:) or a UNC prefix (\\).

Compared to from_file_path, this ensure that URL’s the path has a trailing slash so that the entire path is considered when using this URL as a base URL.

For example:

• "index.html" parsed with Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/var/www")) as the base URL is file:///var/www/index.html
• "index.html" parsed with Url::from_file_path(Path::new("/var/www")) as the base URL is file:///var/index.html, which might not be what was intended.

Note that std::path does not consider trailing slashes significant and usually does not include them (e.g. in Path::parent()).

pub fn serialize_internal<S>(
    &self,
    serializer: S
) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error> where
    S: Serializer, 

Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the Url struct.

The corresponding deserialize_internal method sacrifices some invariant-checking for speed, compared to the Deserialize trait impl.

This method is only available if the serde Cargo feature is enabled.

pub fn deserialize_internal<'de, D>(
    deserializer: D
) -> Result<Url, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error> where
    D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the Url struct.

The corresponding deserialize_internal method sacrifices some invariant-checking for speed, compared to the Deserialize trait impl.

This method is only available if the serde Cargo feature is enabled.

pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, ()>

Assuming the URL is in the file scheme or similar, convert its path to an absolute std::path::Path.

Note: This does not actually check the URL’s scheme, and may give nonsensical results for other schemes. It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this.

let path = url.to_file_path();

Returns Err if the host is neither empty nor "localhost" (except on Windows, where file: URLs may have a non-local host), or if Path::new_opt() returns None. (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or, for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.)

Trait Implementations

impl AsRef<str> for Url

Return the serialization of this URL.

pub fn as_ref(&self) -> &str

Performs the conversion.

impl Clone for Url

pub fn clone(&self) -> Url

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Url

Debug the serialization of this URL.

pub fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Url

Deserializes this URL from a serde stream.

This implementation is only available if the serde Cargo feature is enabled.

pub fn deserialize<D>(
    deserializer: D
) -> Result<Url, <D as Deserializer<'de>>::Error> where
    D: Deserializer<'de>, 

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Display for Url

Display the serialization of this URL.

pub fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl FromStr for Url

Parse a string as an URL, without a base URL or encoding override.

type Err = ParseError

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

pub fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<Url, ParseError>

Parses a string s to return a value of this type.

impl Hash for Url

URLs hash like their serialization.

pub fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
    H: Hasher, 

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

impl Index<Range<Position>> for Url

type Output = str

The returned type after indexing.

pub fn index(&self, range: Range<Position>) -> &str

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl Index<RangeFrom<Position>> for Url

type Output = str

The returned type after indexing.

pub fn index(&self, range: RangeFrom<Position>) -> &str

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl Index<RangeFull> for Url

type Output = str

The returned type after indexing.

pub fn index(&self, RangeFull) -> &str

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl Index<RangeTo<Position>> for Url

type Output = str

The returned type after indexing.

pub fn index(&self, range: RangeTo<Position>) -> &str

Performs the indexing (container[index]) operation.

impl Ord for Url

URLs compare like their serialization.

pub fn cmp(&self, other: &Url) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other.

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the maximum of two values.

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

Compares and returns the minimum of two values.

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

Restrict a value to a certain interval.

impl PartialEq<Url> for Url

URLs compare like their serialization.

pub fn eq(&self, other: &Url) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=.

impl PartialOrd<Url> for Url

URLs compare like their serialization.

pub fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Url) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists.

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator.

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator.

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator.

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator.

impl Serialize for Url

Serializes this URL into a serde stream.

This implementation is only available if the serde Cargo feature is enabled.

pub fn serialize<S>(
    &self,
    serializer: S
) -> Result<<S as Serializer>::Ok, <S as Serializer>::Error> where
    S: Serializer, 

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for Url

type Error = ParseError

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.

pub fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<Url, <Url as TryFrom<&'a str>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.

impl Eq for Url

URLs compare like their serialization.

impl IntoUrl for Url